In climatological terms, the cold season lasts from October through March, making it fully underway right now. Prolonged exposure to freezing or cold temperatures can cause serious health conditions, and in some cases can lead to death. It is essential, at this time of year especially, for employers and workers to take precautions to prevent and treat cold-related health problems. Workers who routinely load trucks, check incoming merchandise at a dock, clear snow from walkways or move materials in a cold storage facility, as well as outdoor workers, are all at risk of obtaining cold-related health problems while on the job. J.J. Keller & Associates Inc. has provided these guidelines to protect workers who are exposed to the cold:
- Recognize the environmental and workplace conditions that may be dangerous.
- Learn the signs and symptoms of cold-induced illnesses and injuries and what to do to help workers.
- Train workers about cold-induced illnesses and injuries.
- Encourage workers to wear proper clothing for cold, wet and windy conditions, including layers that can be adjusted to changing conditions. Workers should wear at least three layers of protective clothing, a hat and insulated boots.
- Be sure workers in extreme conditions take a frequent short break in warm dry shelters to allow their bodies to warm up.
- Try to schedule work for the warmest part of the day.
- Instruct workers to avoid exhaustion or fatigue because energy is needed to keep muscles warm.
- Ensure workers work in pairs so that one worker can recognize danger signs.
- Drink warm, sweet beverages (sugar water, sports-type drinks) and avoid drinks with caffeine (coffee, tea, sodas or hot chocolate) or alcohol. Eat warm, high-calorie foods such as hot pasta dishes.
- Remember, workers face increased risks when they take certain medications, are in poor physical condition or suffer from illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease.